Method and apparatus for the generation of steam



Sepf. 28,1926. 1,601,440

0. H. HARTMANN METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM Filed March 23, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS Sept 28 1926.

O. H. HARTMANN METHOD AND A?FARATUS FOR THE. GENERATION 0F STEAM 3 Sheets-Sheet Filed March 23, 1925 BY flum ATTORNEYS Sept. 28 1926.

O. H. HARTMANN METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION 0F STEAM Filed H 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet mvgmon 077-0 MH/mrM/mw BY f5;

ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 28, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

o'rro n; naarmann, or CASSEL-WILHELMSHOHE, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T scrrmnrscrm nnrssnmrr-cnsnnnscnarr M. B. H... or cAs'snL-wmnnmasrrona, GERMANY, A coaroaarron or GERMANY.

.METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION OF Application filed March 23, 1925, Serial No. 17,608, and in Germany March 26, 1924.

The invention relates to methods of working movable high-pressuresteam generators with water-tube fire-boxes and is specially applicable to locomotives.

6 Movable steam-generating plants fitted with water-tube fire-boxes suffer in general from the disadvantage that scale is found in the water-tubes of the fire-box after a com-.

paratively short working period and as a 10 consequence conduction of heat is unfavourably afiected and a troublesome cleaning soon necessitated. p In orderto overcome such diflicuties, it has already been proposed to utilize the 1 steamgenerated in the water-tubes of the fire-box, *not'directly aslive-steam, but indirectly as a heat-carrier for heating the water in the working boiler. Further difficuties are, however, met with in applying such a method of working to high-pressure steam generators. In such boilers, as only a small spaceis in general available, it is often not easy, or sometimes not even possible, to arrange in the water space of the working boiler a sufficiently large heating surface for the transference of the heat of the hot steam to the water in the working boiler.-

The idea underlying be present invention consists in overcoming diificuties of the kind mentioned by simultaneously utilizing both of the known solutions, when possible making use of their advantages and lessening or eliminating their attendant disadvantages. This result is secured according to the present invention by generating steam by the indirect method of heating in one part of the water-tube fire-box, for example, that part which in general is less accessible for cleaning purposes and generating steam by the direct method of heating in the other part of the fire-box.

As regards generation of steam by the direct method, the' water tubes forming the side walls of the fire-box can in eneral be utilized as they can be so arrange from the structural standpoint that their cleaning presents no-difiicuties. With regard, however, to the water tubes forming the front and rear walls of the fire-box, this is. not in general the case; 'in particular, such tubes are not so readily accessible and are therefore Ipreferably utilized for generating steam by t e indirect method.

According to the present invention, steam desired, in different containers connected together. In the second case the steam must be collected in twoseparate drums or containers.

According to a" modification, as applied, for example, to a locomotive boiler having a Water-tube fire-box and the usual smoke tube longitudinal boiler, the heat-transferrersfor the heat-carrier may be arranged in the Water space of the longitudinal-boiler so that the steam produced-by the indirect method assists the generation of steam in the longitudinal boiler while the steam produced in the other tubes of the fire-box by the direct method is collected in a special drum arranged above the fire-box.

The design of the water-tube fire-box for carrying outthe present invention should also provide for ensuring a good circulation in the Water-tubes, for facilitating the cleaning of the tubes by forcing through them the usual tube cleaners and for arranging the tubes so that they serve as. a screen to protect the steam-and-Water drum against undue temperature stresses.

The accompanying drawings show an i1- .lustrative example of a water-tube fire-box for carrying out the present invention, Figs. 1 to 5 being diagrams and Figs. 6 to 8 corresponding constructional embodiments to a larger scale.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the fire-box;

Figs. 2 and 3 are end views looking respectlgively on the rear and front wall of the fireox; I Figs. 4 and 5 show the arrangement of the water-tubes in reference to the steam collector;

Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section through a constructional .form of the fireox; Fig. 7 is a cross-section on the line '7--7 of Fig. 6, and

Fig. 8- a cross-section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 6; while finally Fig. 9 shows a detail.

In carrylng the invention into effect acand the front wall of the cording to the illustrative form shown in the drawings, the usual longitudinal boiler of a locomotive is indicated at a, Fig. 6. The rear wall containin the fire-door, b,

Ere-boxv are formed by water tubes, at, which are connected to upper and lower headers, c and 0 The steam generated in these tubes is not utilized directly as live steam but only as a heatpasses through the pipes,d, d, into the heat transferrers, e, e, and thereevapora-tes the surrounding water in the drum, the condensate flowing back through the pipes, f, f, to the lower water chambers, 0

The water tubes, 7L, 2', forming theiside walls of the furnace are utilized-for generation of steam by direct heating, and extend upwards from. lower water chambers, 9, arranged one on each side of the grate, n, to the steam-and-water drum, 9.

In order to facilitate the cleaning of these lateral water-tubes without the necessity of removing the manhole cover, 9 (see Fig. 6)

' of the drum, on each occas on and entering the drum, 9, the tubes it and 2', are expanded not directly into the drum, but into special intermediate headers 71:, lying outside the drum, g, which headers are connected with the drum, 9, by short lengths of pipe, 8, and are providedwith openings closable by plugs, m, or the like. (See the diagrammatic views in Figs. 4.- and 5 and also Figs. 7 and 8.) In each side wall of the fire-box the unevennumbered tubes, 72., for example, are con- Fig. 4:, or by way of intermediate headers see Figs. 7 and 8, while the even-numbered tubes, 2', are connected to the intermediate header is on the same side either directly as in Fig. 5, orby way of intermediate headers in as in Figs. 7 and 8. In this way the tubes, in and 2', without having their diameters reduced at the ends, can lie so close together on each side of the boiler that they form continuous side walls. Behind these side walls, that is on the side remote from the furnace, are arranged the tubes, 0,.be tween the lower water headers, g, and the steam drum, 9, these tubes being protected against the action of the furnace gases by the side walls formed by the tubes, h, 2', and therefore serving as downcomers, while the tubes, h and a, serve as risers or evaporating eone-e0 may be provided with apertures located in line with said tubes and adapted to be closed by plugs, m. The tubes, 2', as shown in Fig. 5, can be led to the intermediate header, is, or as in Figs. 7 and 8, into the intermediate chamber, k', on the same side of the drum, 9.

After removal of the plugs, m and m, the lateral water tubes,,h and i, and also the short connecting lengths, a, between the headers, Z0, and the drum, 9, can be readily cleaned by suitable appliances.

As regards the tubes, h, in Figs. 7 and 8, cleaning of those parts of the tubes directed downwards is effected from the headers, is, and of those parts directed upward from the headers, k.

At the points where the downcomers, o, bend, cross pieces, 0', (see Figs. 7 and 8), are inserted with closable apertures through which the lengths of the tube, 0, directed upwards and downwards can be cleaned in the same manner as the risers or evaporating tubes without the necessity of opening the drum, 9.

From consideration of strength, the ends of the tubes, h, z' and 0,. expanded into the lower headers, g, and the upper interme diate headers are arranged in staggered relation as shown in Fig. 9.

The water circulation in the side water 7 tubes is thus completed in the following manner z-Downcomers, 0, water headers, g, lateral water tubes, h and i; intermediate headers, is and is, drum, 9, downcomers, 0.

The high-pressure steam collected in the drum, 9, may be led to thehigh-pressure stage of the engine while the steam for the intermediate and lower stages may be gen erated in the longitudinal boiler,'a, of the locomotive.

What I claim is 1. A boiler having a water-tube'fire-box, a. drum for steam and water, a heat transferring device located in said drum but out of communication therewith, said heat trans ferring device being in. communication with some of the water-tubes of the fire-box so that the water in the drum will be heated by the indirect method of heating through the medium circulating in said heat-transferring device and the water-tubes connected therewith, thev other water-tubes having no lid other tubes of said fire-box being in direct communication with the interior of the said drum. 7 I

3. A boiler having a water-tube fire-box, a drum for steam and water, a heat-transferring device located in said drum but out of communication therewith, upper and lower headers communicating with said -heat-transferring device and withsome of the water-tubes of said fire-box, to provide a closed circulation path for a heating medium flowing through said heat-transferring device, the other tubes of said fire-box being in direct communication with the interior of the drum to heat the contents thereof by the direct method of heating.

4. In a locomotive boiler having a watertube fire-box, a drum for steam and water, the water-tubes of the side walls of the fire-box communicating with the said drum and thus being adapted to generate steam in said drum by the direct method of heating, a heat-transferring device located in said drum but out of communication therewith. other water tubes of the front and the rear walls of the fire-box communicating with said heat-transferring device and thus being adapted to generate steam by the indirect method of' heating.

5. In a locomotive boiler having a watertube fire-box; a drum for steam and water, the water-tubes of the sidewalls on the firebox adapted to generate steam by the direct method of heating, other water-tubes ar ranged at the front and rear walls of the tire box, headers connected with these other water-tubes and with a heat-transferring device located in said drum.

6. In a locomotive boiler as claimed in claim 5, water chambers arranged one on each side of the fire-box, the lower ends of the lateral water-tubes communicating with said chambers, the upper ends of these tubes communicating with the drum for steam and water.

7. In a locomotive boiler as claimed in claim 5, water chambers arranged one on each side of the fire-box, the lower ends of the lateral water tubes communicating with said chambers, the upper ends of these tubes connected to intermediate headers. said intermediate headers connected to the drum by short lengths of pipe.

8. In a locomotive boiler as claimed in claim- 5, the lateral water-tubes connected alternately to the same side of the steam-andwater drum and to the opposite side of the drum.

9. In a locomotive boiler as claimed in claim 5, the lateral water-tubes connected alternately to the same side of the steam-andwater drum and to the opposite side of this drum, water chambers receiving the lower ends of these tubes,-downcomers arranged outside of the continuous wall formed by said lateral tubes, said downcomers connecting the steam-and-water drum and the water chambers.

10. In alocomotive boiler as claimed in claim 5, the lateral water-tubes connected alternately to the same side of the steam-andwater drum and to the opposite side of this drum, water chambers receiving the lower ends of these tubes, downcomers arranged outside of the continuous wall fonned by said lateral tubes, said downcomers connecting the steam-and-water drum and the water chambers, cross-pieces inserted at the places of bend of said downcomers,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. 7

' UITO H. HARTMANN' 

